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Functional Resistance Training With Viscous and Elastic Devices: Does Resistance Type Acutely Affect Knee Function?

Edward P Washabaugh, Thomas E Augenstein, Mary Koje

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|October 14, 2022

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Functional resistance training (FRT) with viscous or elastic devices alters gait biomechanics. While acute neural adaptations were similar, prolonged training may yield different results for knee rehabilitation.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Rehabilitation Science
Neuroscience

Background:

Functional resistance training (FRT) is an emerging rehabilitation approach for neuromuscular and orthopedic injuries.
Wearable exoskeletons/braces in FRT offer targeted joint resistance, but effects vary by resistive element type (viscous vs. elastic).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the biomechanical and neural effects of FRT using viscous versus elastic resistance during treadmill and overground walking.
To compare gait kinetics, muscle activation, kinematic aftereffects, and neural excitability between viscous and elastic resistance types.

Main Methods:

Fourteen able-bodied individuals participated in two training sessions, one with a viscous and one with an elastic knee resistance device, while walking on a treadmill.
Gait biomechanics, muscle activation, kinematic aftereffects, and neural excitability were measured during and after training.

Main Results:

Viscous and elastic resistance differentially altered gait kinetics: elastic resistance enhanced knee extension during stance, while viscous resistance impacted swing phase.
Viscous resistance increased power generation, whereas elastic resistance enhanced power absorption.
Both devices induced significant kinematic and neural aftereffects, but no differences were observed in overground kinematic aftereffects or neural excitability between the resistance types.

Conclusions:

Resistance type significantly influences gait biomechanics during FRT.
No resistance-specific acute neural adaptations were observed, suggesting potential for differential effects with prolonged, repeated training sessions.