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Surface-Dominated Finite-Size Effects in Nanoconfined Superfluid Helium.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Fluids
  • Nanoscale Science

Background:

  • Superfluid helium-4 (He II) is a key system for studying quantum phenomena in confined spaces.
  • Finite-size effects in strongly confined geometries remain an active area of research.
  • Understanding superfluid behavior in nanoconfinement is crucial for developing new quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the superfluid density of He II in millimeter-scale channels with heights of 25 and 50 nm.
  • To explore the impact of high pressures on confined superfluid helium.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind the suppression of superfluid density in nanoconfined geometries.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a nanofluidic Helmholtz resonator to study He II.
  • Experimentally measured superfluid density in precisely controlled nanoscale channels.
  • Analyzed data from the transition temperature down to 0.6 K at high pressures.

Main Results:

  • Observed a measurable suppression of superfluid density in confined He II.
  • Quantified the suppression from the superfluid transition temperature down to 0.6 K.
  • Attributed the suppression to rotonlike thermal excitations with a 5 K energy gap.

Conclusions:

  • Surface-bound excitations are responsible for the observed suppression of superfluid density.
  • These excitations explain the previously unexplained lack of finite-size scaling.
  • The findings provide critical insights into quantum fluid behavior at the nanoscale.