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Vascular remodeling in sheep implanted with endovascular neural interface.

Sam E John1,2, Sam Donegan3, Theodore C Scordas3

  • 1The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|October 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study evaluated vascular remodeling after endovascular neural interface (ENI) implantation in sheep

Keywords:
cortical vascular remodelingendovascular neural interfaceepileptiform spiking activitystentrodesuperior sagittal sinusvein wall sheer stress gradient

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Endovascular neural interfaces (ENIs) offer potential for brain-computer interfaces.
  • Understanding the biological response to ENI implantation is crucial for clinical translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess vascular remodeling in the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) after ENI placement in a sheep model.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of neural recording using an implanted ENI.

Main Methods:

  • Histological analysis of tissue response to the ENI.
  • Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) for vascular lumen assessment.
  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of blood flow.
  • In vivo neural recording of brain activity in sheep.

Main Results:

  • Histology revealed extracellular matrix accumulation and a foreign body response with macrophages and giant cells.
  • New vascular channels formed within the implant site.
  • Micro-CT showed SSS lumen narrowing proportional to ENI material, but no occlusion.
  • The ENI successfully recorded epileptiform brain activity.

Conclusions:

  • ENI implantation induces a foreign body response and vascular remodeling in the SSS.
  • The ENI demonstrated efficacy in recording neural signals.
  • Findings guide future ENI design and surgical planning, emphasizing stent sizing to minimize adverse vascular remodeling.