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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
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Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

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Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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Updated: Aug 25, 2025

A Guide to Structured Illumination TIRF Microscopy at High Speed with Multiple Colors
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Integrated optical device for Structured Illumination Microscopy.

Matteo Calvarese, Petra Paiè, Alessia Candeo

    Optics Express
    |October 15, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel chip generates structured illumination patterns for super-resolution microscopy. This miniaturized device enables portable and easy-to-align systems, enhancing biological imaging resolution.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical microscopy
    • Biophotonics
    • Super-resolution imaging

    Background:

    • Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) is crucial for high-resolution imaging of biological samples.
    • Existing SIM systems require complex alignment and are not easily portable.
    • Novel methods for generating and shifting illumination patterns are needed for widespread SIM adoption.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a miniaturized chip for generating 2D structured illumination patterns.
    • To enable portable and easily alignable SIM microscopy systems.
    • To upgrade a commercial microscope for super-resolution imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • A chip integrating optical waveguides, splitters, and phase shifters was designed.
    • The chip generates three coherent, phase-controlled point sources.
    • Thermal phase shifters enable spatial translation of the hexagonal illumination pattern.

    Main Results:

    • The chip successfully generated a 2D structured illumination pattern without external alignment.
    • A commercial microscope was upgraded to a SIM setup using the chip.
    • Biological samples were imaged, demonstrating enhanced resolution beyond the diffraction limit.

    Conclusions:

    • The miniaturized chip provides a robust solution for generating structured illumination.
    • This technology facilitates the development of portable and user-friendly SIM microscopes.
    • The chip significantly extends the imaging resolution capabilities of standard fluorescence microscopes.