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Tactile and Chemical Senses

Tactile and Chemical Senses

Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.

Sensory Functions of the Skin

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
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A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
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Sensory Modalities

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Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
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Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 25, 2025

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

Published on: January 7, 2019

Highly sensitive soft optical fiber tactile sensor.

Tianzong Xu, Lijun Li, Yi Wang

|October 15, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a highly sensitive tactile sensor using an in-fiber interferometer in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). It achieves excellent sensitivity and a low detection limit by analyzing different sensing modes.

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Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Materials Science
Sensor Technology

Background:

Development of sensitive tactile sensors is crucial for robotics and human-computer interaction.
In-fiber interferometers offer a compact and robust platform for sensing applications.
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a versatile elastomer suitable for soft sensor fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate a soft, highly sensitive tactile sensor based on an in-fiber interferometer embedded in a PDMS structure.
To explore the influence of different sensing modes on sensor performance.
To establish a novel method for analyzing sensing modes in interferometric sensors.

Main Methods:

Theoretical simulation to predict sensor sensitivity based on sensing modes and PDMS properties.
Experimental fabrication of the in-fiber interferometer within a PDMS matrix.
Signal processing using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and inverse FFT to isolate and analyze different sensing modes.

Main Results:

Theoretical analysis indicated that higher-order sensing modes and PDMS enhance sensitivity.
Experimental results demonstrated distinct sensing performances for different modes.
High-order modes yielded a sensitivity of 1.3593 nm/kPa and a detection limit of 37 Pa (0.015 N).
The sensor exhibited excellent stability, reproducibility, and response time.

Conclusions:

A soft, highly sensitive tactile sensor with high-order sensing modes was successfully demonstrated.
The study provides a novel method for analyzing sensing modes, enhancing understanding of interferometric sensor performance.
The developed sensor shows potential for applications requiring precise tactile feedback.