Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...

Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Principles of Disease Surveillance

Principles of Disease Surveillance

Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...

Causality in Epidemiology

Causality in Epidemiology

Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...

Retroviruses

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Processing bulk natural wood into a high-performance structural material.

Nature·2018

Same author

Retrospective study of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes in a Chinese Han population from Shandong, East China.

The International journal of neuroscience·2018

Same author

Genetics of Magnesium Disorders.

Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland)·2018

Same author

Efficacy of Rituximab for Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae·2018

Same author

Preoperative evaluation of cochlear implantation through the round window membrane in the facial recess using high-resolution computed tomography.

Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA·2018

Same author

Toll-like receptor 9 antagonist suppresses humoral immunity in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis.

Molecular immunology·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Published on: April 8, 2009

The evolving epidemiology of monkeypox virus.

Heng Li¹, Hong Zhang², Ke Ding³

¹Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews

|October 16, 2022

Summary

Monkeypox (MPXV) is a global concern, with over 66,000 cases reported by September 2022. This review covers MPXV virology, immunity, epidemiology, and control strategies for the evolving outbreak.

Keywords:

Epidemiology Evolution Monkeypox Public health Zoonotic disease

More Related Videos

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3

Published on: April 13, 2009

Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes

Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes

Published on: September 27, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Published on: April 8, 2009

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 3

Published on: April 13, 2009

Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes

Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes

Published on: September 27, 2014

Area of Science:

Virology
Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

Monkeypox (MPXV) is a zoonotic disease endemic to West and Central Africa.
A global outbreak in 2022, declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, marked a significant departure from previous epidemics.
The current outbreak features novel transmission routes and emerging variants.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of the monkeypox virus (MPXV).
To discuss the molecular virology, immune evasion, epidemiology, and evolution of MPXV.
To outline detection, prophylaxis, and treatment strategies for monkeypox.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on monkeypox (MPXV).
Analysis of epidemiological data and genomic surveillance.
Synthesis of information on virology, immunology, and clinical management.

Main Results:

The 2022 monkeypox outbreak differs significantly from historical patterns, with over 66,000 cases reported globally by September 2022.
Novel transmission routes, including genital lesions as primary infection, are observed.
Emergence of new MPXV variants is noted.

Conclusions:

Clinical awareness of the evolving monkeypox (MPXV) situation is crucial.
Integrating epidemiological and genomic data is vital for effective prevention and control.
Comprehensive strategies encompassing detection, treatment, and prophylaxis are needed to manage the global outbreak.