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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Assessing Blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound01:19

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To obtain accurate blood pressure measurements in clinical settings, especially when traditional methods are insufficient, healthcare professionals utilize the Doppler ultrasound technique. This method uses high-frequency sound waves to detect blood flow within the arteries, which is crucial for patients with conditions that complicate circulatory system assessment.
Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Doppler Ultrasound Blood Pressure Assessment:
Preparation of Equipment:
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Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

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Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Ultrasonography01:17

Ultrasonography

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Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
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Ultrasound Contrast Stability for Urinary Bladder Pressure Measurement.

Kourosh Kalayeh1, J Brian Fowlkes2, Jake Claflin1

  • 1Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
|October 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Ultrasound contrast microbubbles (MB) stability is crucial for cystometrograms (CMG). Higher MB dosage improves stability, while the CMG infusion system negatively impacts it, requiring system or protocol adjustments.

Keywords:
Contrast mediaContrast-enhanced ultrasoundCystometrogramMicrobubble size measurementMicrobubblesUltrasonographyUrodynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Cystometrograms (CMG) are essential for bladder pressure measurement.
  • Ultrasound contrast microbubbles (MB) offer potential for enhanced CMG applications.
  • MB stability during CMG procedures is not well-characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the stability of ultrasound contrast microbubbles (MB) during cystometrograms (CMG).
  • To investigate factors affecting MB stability in the context of bladder pressure measurement.
  • To optimize MB usage for reliable CMG data acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • Performed size measurement and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging studies.
  • Investigated the impact of IV bag air headspace, MB dilution factor, and CMG infusion system on MB stability.
  • Assessed MB stability under various experimental conditions relevant to CMG.

Main Results:

  • IV bag air headspace volume did not significantly affect MB stability.
  • Increased MB dosage correlated with enhanced MB stability.
  • The CMG infusion system was found to adversely impact MB stability.

Conclusions:

  • MB stability during CMG is influenced by infusion system design and MB dosage.
  • Optimizing filling rates, MB dosage, or catheter design is necessary for sustained MB stability.
  • Further research into alternative CMG systems may be required for robust MB-based bladder pressure measurement.