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Physiological Foundation of Stress

Physiological Foundation of Stress

Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Published on: December 2, 2015

Understanding stress: Insights from rodent models.

Fatin Atrooz¹, Karim A Alkadhi¹, Samina Salim¹

¹Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Current Research in Neurobiology

|October 17, 2022

Summary

Rodent models are crucial for understanding stress physiology and stress-related disorders. These models aid in drug development, offering valuable insights despite not perfectly replicating human conditions.

Keywords:

BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor CAMKIV, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV CREB, cAMP response element binding protein CRP, C-reactive protein EPM, elevated plus maze ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase FST, forced swim test HPA, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis IL-6, interleukin 6 Inflammation LD, light/dark Mental health NMDA, N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid OF, open field RNS, reactive nitrogen species ROS, reactive oxygen species Rodent behavior Stress Synaptic plasticity TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha Trauma

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Pharmacology
Behavioral Science

Background:

Rodent models are instrumental in studying stress physiology and the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders.
These models have significantly contributed to understanding anxiety, depression, cognitive impairment, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the utility of various rodent stress models in scientific research.
To highlight their application in drug screening and development for stress-induced conditions.
To provide mechanistic insights into physiologically relevant questions through literature examples.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on rodent stress models.
Analysis of study designs, apparatus, and read-out capabilities (behavioral and biochemical).
Focus on studies offering mechanistic insights into stress physiology.

Main Results:

Rodent models provide valuable data on stress physiology and the mechanisms of stress-related disorders.
They are effective tools for drug screening and development for stress-induced conditions.
Despite limitations in perfectly mimicking human disorders, they answer critical scientific questions.

Conclusions:

Rodent models of stress are indispensable tools for advancing scientific research and inquiry.
Their application in understanding stress physiology and developing treatments remains vital.
Continued research utilizing these models is essential for progress in stress-related disorder science.