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Decarbonizing the energy supply one pandemic at a time.

M A Russo1, L Ruivo2, D Carvalho3

  • 1CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal.

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The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a 15.7% drop in Portugal's primary energy consumption by shifting work to home offices. This suggests that reduced mobility and remote work are viable energy efficiency strategies for decarbonization.

Keywords:
COVID-19ElectricityFuelHome officeNatural gas

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Energy Policy
  • Socioeconomics

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered global energy consumption patterns due to widespread lockdowns and remote work.
  • Portugal experienced a substantial shift in resource consumption towards the domestic sector.
  • The pandemic's impact on daily life provides a unique dataset for evaluating energy strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze energy consumption vectors in Portugal during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To investigate the potential of home office practices as an energy efficiency measure for achieving EU 2050 decarbonization goals.
  • To assess the impact of altered mobility and workforce decentralization on energy demand.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of primary energy consumption data (electricity, natural gas, transport fuels) from 2019 and 2020 in Portugal.
  • Evaluation of shifts in energy demand attributed to confinement protocols and increased remote work.
  • Statistical assessment of the correlation between reduced mobility and energy savings.

Main Results:

  • Primary energy consumption in Portugal decreased by 15.7% in 2020 compared to 2019.
  • A notable shift in energy usage from commercial/industrial sectors to the domestic sector was observed.
  • The data indicate a positive correlation between increased home office practices and reduced overall energy demand.

Conclusions:

  • Remote work and workforce decentralization emerged as significant energy efficiency measures.
  • The pandemic-induced changes offer valuable insights into potential pathways for achieving EU 2050 energy and climate targets.
  • Policies promoting reduced mobility and remote work could be instrumental in future decarbonization efforts.