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Diagnostic Value of Fecal Calprotectin in Children with Gastritis, Duodenitis and Helicobacter Pylori
Mandana Rafeey1, Pardis Nikmanesh2, Farshad Javadzadeh3
1Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Insights
Fecal calprotectin (FC) shows promise for diagnosing duodenitis in children, but its diagnostic value for H. pylori and gastritis is limited. FC may serve as a supplementary test for gastrointestinal conditions.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Biomarker Research
Background:
- Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a potential biomarker for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.
- Limited research exists on FC's diagnostic utility for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and related conditions.
- This study investigates FC levels and diagnostic value in children with H. pylori, gastritis, and duodenitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate fecal calprotectin (FC) levels in children with H. pylori, gastritis, and duodenitis.
- To assess the diagnostic accuracy of FC for H. pylori infection, gastritis, and duodenitis.
- To determine FC's potential as a biomarker in pediatric upper GI disorders.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study included 120 children with upper GI symptoms undergoing endoscopy.
- Patients were classified into groups: H. pylori, gastritis, duodenitis, and normal based on endoscopic findings.
- Fecal calprotectin (FC) levels were measured and analyzed for diagnostic performance.
Main Results:
- Significantly higher FC levels were observed in patients with gastritis (P=0.014) and duodenitis (P<0.001).
- FC levels were marginally higher in H. pylori patients (P=0.054) with poor diagnostic ability (AUC=0.5, P=0.054).
- FC demonstrated acceptable diagnostic power for duodenitis (AUC=0.718, P<0.001) but limited ability for gastritis (AUC=0.639, P=0.014).
Conclusions:
- Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a viable diagnostic tool for duodenitis in children.
- Due to low sensitivity and specificity, FC should be used as a supplementary test alongside established methods.
- Further research may refine FC's role in diagnosing pediatric GI conditions.
Background:
Fecal calprotectin (FC) is suggested as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases; however, few studies have investigated its diagnostic value for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Therefore, the current study evaluated the level of FC and its diagnostic value in patients with H. Pylori and its related conditions including gastritis and duodenitis.
Methods:
In this case-control study, 120 children with upper GI symptoms, who were indicated to undergo upper GI endoscopic examination, were consecutively included. Patients were categorized into different groups based on their endoscopic findings including H. pylori, gastritis, duodenitis or normal.
Results:
Patients with gastritis (P = 0.014) and those with duodenitis (P < 001) had significantly higher FC. The level of FC was higher in patients with H. pylori but this difference was marginally significant (P = 0.054). The level of FC had poor ability to diagnose the presence of H. pylori (P = 0.054) and gastritis (area under the curve, AUC = 0.639, P = 0.014). However, it had acceptable power to diagnose patients with or duodenitis (AUC = 0.718, P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of FC for diagnosis of gastritis were 64 and 65 percent (cut-off = 45.2 μg/g), and for duodenitis were 77 and 61 percent (cut-off = 46.2 μg/g), respectively.
Conclusions:
FC can be considered as an objective and diagnostic tool for duodenitis. However, due to the low sensitivity and specificity, it is suggested to consider it as an objective supplementary test beside other established diagnostic modalities.
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