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Will epigenetics be a key player in crop breeding?

Kaoru Tonosaki1, Ryo Fujimoto2, Elizabeth S Dennis3,4

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|October 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic variation, not just DNA changes, offers new avenues for crop improvement to meet global food demands. Understanding heritable epigenetic changes (epimutations) can enhance crop breeding strategies for a changing climate.

Keywords:
DNA methylationbreedingepialleleepigeneticsepigenome editingintergenerational inheritanceparamutationtransgenerational inheritance

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Area of Science:

  • Plant breeding
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Traditional plant breeding relies on DNA mutations for desirable traits.
  • Phenotypic diversity can arise from mechanisms other than DNA sequence alterations.
  • Epigenetic gene regulation, without changing DNA sequence, influences genome expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetic variation in crop improvement.
  • To explore how epigenetic diversity contributes to phenotypic diversity.
  • To assess the successful application of epigenetics in documented crop breeding cases.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput sequencing to analyze the epigenome.
  • Identification of spontaneous epigenetic mutations (epimutations).
  • Focus on DNA methylation as a key epigenetic mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Epimutations can create new, heritable phenotypes, contributing to crop variation.
  • Evidence suggests breeders may have historically selected for epiallele-conditioned traits.
  • Epigenetic states, alongside DNA sequence diversity, enhance phenotypic diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics offers novel perspectives for crop improvement, including epigenome editing.
  • The inheritance and stability of epialleles differ from genetic alleles, impacting breeding strategies.
  • Further research is needed to fully leverage epigenetic variation for documented crop breeding success.