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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

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The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...
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Circular Shafts - Elastoplastic Materials01:24

Circular Shafts - Elastoplastic Materials

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The study of solid circular shafts under stress shows that within the elastic limit, stress increases directly to the distance from the shaft's center. This relationship holds until the shaft reaches a critical point of stress, beyond which it begins to yield, marking the transition from elastic to plastic deformation. At this crucial juncture, the maximum torque the shaft can endure without permanent deformation is determined, signifying the limit of its elastic behavior.
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
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Multiple/Two-Way Shape Memory Poly(urethane-urea-amide) Elastomers.

Zhen Li1, Shuxiang Mei1, Lu Luo1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|October 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New poly(urethane-urea-amide) elastomers exhibit multiple and two-way shape memory effects (M/2W-SME). These advanced polymers demonstrate excellent mechanical properties and high-temperature shape memory capabilities for demanding applications.

Keywords:
crosslinking network structuresmultiple shape memorypoly(urethane-urea-amide)reversible two-way shape memory

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Shape memory polymers (SMPs) offer large deformation, lightweight design, and strong recovery stress.
  • Multiple and two-way reversible shape memory polymers (M/2W-SMPs) are crucial for advanced applications.
  • Existing SMPs often have limitations in temperature range or complexity of shape memory behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel semi-crystalline block poly(urethane-urea-amide) elastomers (PUUAs).
  • To investigate the multiple and two-way reversible shape memory effects (M/2W-SME) in these PUUAs.
  • To explore the potential of PUUAs for high-temperature applications and complex shape transformations.

Main Methods:

  • Copolymerization of isocyanate-terminated polyurethane (OPU) and amino-terminated oligomeric polyamide-1212 (OPA).
  • Characterization of mechanical properties, including tensile strength and elongation at break.
  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine thermal transitions (crystallization/melting temperatures, glass transition temperature).
  • Evaluation of multiple and two-way shape memory behaviors under varying conditions.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized PUUAs exhibited excellent rigidity, flexibility, and resilience.
  • cPUUA-C7-S25 demonstrated superior tensile properties (10.3 MPa strength, 360.2% elongation at break).
  • All PUUAs displayed multiple and reversible two-way shape memory effects due to distinct thermal transitions.
  • Physically crosslinked PUUA-C0-S25 showed dual and triple shape memory, while microchemically crosslinked cPUUA-C7-S25 exhibited quadruple shape memory.
  • cPUUA-C7-S25 achieved high-temperature shape memory up to 165 °C.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PUUAs possess significant M/2W-SME and high-temperature shape memory capabilities.
  • The material's properties make it suitable for advanced applications requiring complex shape transformations.
  • Potential applications include high-temperature sensors, actuators, and aerospace equipment.