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Surface strain on human intervertebral discs.

I A Stokes

    Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Intervertebral disc fiber strains are less than predicted by constant-volume models, suggesting fluid loss or end-plate deformation during physiological loading. Surface strain is sensitive to disc height-to-diameter ratio and fluid loss.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Spinal Anatomy
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • The biomechanical functions of intervertebral disc components remain incompletely understood.
    • Investigating the deformation of lumbar intervertebral discs under various physiological loads is crucial for understanding spinal health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the surface deformation and fiber strains of human cadaveric lumbar intervertebral discs.
    • To compare experimental findings with physical and mathematical models to elucidate disc mechanics.

    Main Methods:

    • Photogrammetry was used to measure surface deformation (length, bulge, vertical height) of annular fibers in 17 human cadaveric lumbar intervertebral discs.
    • Discs were subjected to pure compression, flexion/extension, axial rotation, and shear.

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  • Two fiber definitions ('bone-to-bone' and 'disc-only') were analyzed and compared with constant-volume and mathematical models.

    • Main Results:

    • Fiber strains were 6% or less under physiological conditions.
    • The 'disc-only' fiber definition exhibited greater compressive strains compared to the 'bone-to-bone' definition.
    • Observed fiber strains were approximately half those predicted by a constant-volume model, indicating fluid loss or end-plate deformation.

    Conclusions:

    • Physiological loading of intervertebral discs involves fluid loss or end-plate deformation, deviating from constant-volume assumptions.
    • Intervertebral disc surface strain is highly sensitive to the disc-height: diameter ratio and fluid loss, but less so to fiber helix angle.