Correlations between Disease Severity and Rehabilitation Outcomes in Patients Recovering from Covid-19 Infection

Based on long-term follow-up of patients with COVID-19, to evaluate whether the severity of acute COVID-19 infection affects rehabilitation outcomes.

Observational cohort study.

A total of 61 post-acute COVID-19 patients underwent inpatient and outpatient customized rehabilitation treatment.

The severity of acute COVID-19 infection was measured with the World Health Organization Clinical Progression Scale (WHO-CPS). Motor, cognitive, and functional variables were measured using standard and specified scales 6 months or more after acute illness.

Of the 61 subjects, 65.6% had severe disease according to WHO-CPS. Significant improvement was found in activities of daily living functions (Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at admission 103.7 ± 18.9 vs FIM at discharge 118.7 ± 6.8) (p < 0.00). Of participants, 88% were able to wean off oxygen completely. A significant correlation was found between higher WHO-CPS, prolonged acute hospitalization, and days of ventilation were correlated with lower total and motor FIM at admission, but not with cognitive FIM or Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). No correlation was found between WHO-CPS, prolonged acute hospitalization and day of ventilation and funnctional level at discharge.

The severity of acute COVID-19 infection affects the functional status of survivors at admission to rehabilitation, but, contrary to expectations, not the functional outcomes at discharge. These findings show that even patients with severe acute COVID-19 infection may improve their daily functioning significantly during rehabilitation program.