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Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Multichannel magnetogastrogram: a clinical marker for pediatric chronic nausea.

Suseela Somarajan1, Nicole D Muszynski1,2, Joseph D Olson1

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
|October 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Magnetogastrogram (MGG) and high-resolution electrogastrogram (HR-EGG) can objectively detect gastric abnormalities in children with chronic nausea. These noninvasive methods offer a quantifiable measure for personalized diagnosis and treatment, reducing costs and radiation exposure.

Keywords:
chronic nauseagastric slow wavemagnetogastrogrampediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Chronic nausea is a common, subjective functional disease in children.
  • High-resolution electrogastrogram (HR-EGG) is a sensitive, noninvasive tool for detecting gastric slow wave abnormalities.
  • Magnetogastrogram (MGG) may offer enhanced precision for gastric slow wave analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if MGG recordings provide supplementary information to HR-EGG in pediatric patients with chronic nausea.
  • To compare gastric slow wave properties between children with chronic nausea and healthy controls using MGG and HR-EGG.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous pre- and postprandial MGG and HR-EGG recordings were obtained in pediatric patients with chronic nausea and healthy subjects.
  • Nausea intensity and severity were measured.
  • Gastric slow wave properties including dominant frequency, power, and propagation direction were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Patients with nausea showed reduced postprandial dominant frequency and normogastric power, and increased postprandial bradygastric power in both MGG and HR-EGG.
  • MGG detected lower preprandial normogastric power in patients.
  • Significant differences in preprandial slow wave propagation direction were observed between patients and controls in both MGG and HR-EGG.

Conclusions:

  • MGG and HR-EGG are valuable noninvasive tools for assessing gastric slow wave activity in pediatric chronic nausea.
  • MGG data can potentially refine HR-EGG for future machine-learning applications in functional nausea diagnosis.
  • These quantifiable measures can aid in personalized diagnosis and treatment, minimizing costs and radiation.