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Area of Science:

Photonics and Waveguide Optics
Optical Sensing Technologies
Numerical Modeling in Electromagnetics

Background:

Bidirectional optical coupled waveguide structures are crucial for advanced photonic devices.
Grating-based sensors offer high sensitivity but require precise analysis.
Understanding strain effects is vital for robust sensor design.

Purpose of the Study:

To numerically analyze a grating-embedded bidirectional optical coupled waveguide structure.
To investigate the strain sensing characteristics of this novel structure.
To determine the Bragg grating sensitivities for individual TE and TM modes.

Main Methods:

A finite difference method (FDM) based scheme was developed to extract eigen modes.
A three-point central finite difference scheme with specific boundary conditions was employed.
Numerical simulations were performed using MATLAB with N=1000 mesh points.

Main Results:

The study presents the first known numerical analysis of this specific waveguide structure.
Higher-order TE and TM modes demonstrated improved strain sensitivity.
The effective refractive index theory was utilized for analysis and implementation.

Conclusions:

The proposed numerical method accurately estimates Bragg grating sensitivities for TE and TM modes.
The findings highlight the potential of higher-order modes for enhanced sensing performance.
This technique can be extended to analyze sensitivities to temperature, humidity, and vibration.