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Updated: Aug 25, 2025

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Coordinate-transformation iteration algorithm for phase modulation of arbitrary axial light distribution.

Hengyang Li, Jiaming Xu, Huaizhi Zhang

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    A new coordinate-transformation iteration (CTI) algorithm generates arbitrary axial light distributions for applications like optical tweezers. This efficient method works across low and high numerical aperture scenarios, unifying phase hologram generation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics
    • Holography

    Background:

    • Axial light distribution modulation is crucial for applications such as optical tweezers and laser material processing.
    • Existing methods often require different approaches for low and high numerical aperture (NA) systems.
    • Generating precise axial light patterns is essential for advanced optical manipulation and fabrication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a unified algorithm for generating arbitrary axial light distributions.
    • To demonstrate the versatility of the algorithm in both low and high NA optical systems.
    • To provide an efficient phase hologram generation method for diverse optical applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of the coordinate-transformation iteration (CTI) algorithm.
    • Unification of mathematical formulations for low and high NA scenarios within a single iterative process.
    • Generation of phase computer-generated holograms (CGHs) for desired axial light patterns.

    Main Results:

    • Successful simulation of twin-foci, flattop, and sin^2 axial light distributions in low NA.
    • Realization of multiring, multifocus, and needle-like axial light distributions in high NA with polarized beams.
    • Demonstration of the CTI algorithm's efficiency and NA-independent nature.

    Conclusions:

    • The CTI algorithm offers a unified and efficient solution for generating arbitrary axial light distributions.
    • This method is applicable across a wide range of numerical apertures, enhancing its practical utility.
    • The CTI algorithm shows significant potential for widespread adoption in optical tweezers and laser fabrication.