Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

1.5K
The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
1.5K
Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

3.4K
Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
3.4K
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

852
Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
852
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

2.5K
Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels.  Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
2.5K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.1K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.1K
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

1.2K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Entanglement-based quantum digital signatures over a deployed campus network: erratum.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Everywhere, everything: Social media and emergency medicine pharmacist education.

American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists·2025
Same author

Entanglement-based quantum digital signatures over a deployed campus network.

Optics express·2024
Same author

Quantum Key Distribution for Critical Infrastructures: Towards Cyber-Physical Security for Hydropower and Dams.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Generation and characterization of ultrabroadband polarization-frequency hyperentangled photons.

Optics letters·2023
Same author

Two-mode squeezing over deployed fiber coexisting with conventional communications.

Optics express·2023
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.6K

Heterodyne spectrometer sensitivity limit for quantum networking.

Joseph C Chapman, Nicholas A Peters

    Applied Optics
    |October 18, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents a fiber-based optical heterodyne spectrometer with picometer resolution. While sensitive, it is less capable than single-photon detectors for very dim light sources.

    More Related Videos

    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
    10:42

    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

    Published on: March 22, 2019

    6.3K
    High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
    10:40

    High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

    Published on: June 28, 2016

    7.6K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Aug 25, 2025

    Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
    09:23

    Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

    Published on: May 30, 2014

    14.6K
    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
    10:42

    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

    Published on: March 22, 2019

    6.3K
    High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
    10:40

    High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

    Published on: June 28, 2016

    7.6K

    Area of Science:

    • Optical spectroscopy
    • Quantum optics
    • Spectrometer technology

    Background:

    • Optical heterodyne detection offers simple construction and ultrahigh resolution.
    • Developing high-resolution spectrometers is crucial for various scientific applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a proof-of-principle single-mode optical-fiber-based heterodyne spectrometer.
    • To establish a generalized quantum limit for detecting multispectral-temporal-mode light using heterodyne detection.
    • To compare the sensitivity of this spectrometer with other types and dim light sources.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a single-mode optical-fiber-based heterodyne spectrometer.
    • Theoretical derivation of a generalized quantum limit for heterodyne detection.
    • Comparative analysis of spectrometer sensitivity against dim light sources (spontaneous parametric downconversion, Raman scattering, spontaneous four-wave mixing).

    Main Results:

    • Achieved picometer resolution and quantum-limited sensitivity around 1550 nm.
    • Established a generalized quantum limit for heterodyne detection sensitivity.
    • Determined that the heterodyne spectrometer is less sensitive than single-photon detectors for dim light sources, with exceptions for bright, narrow-bandwidth examples.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed fiber-based heterodyne spectrometer offers high resolution and sensitivity.
    • The generalized quantum limit provides a benchmark for heterodyne spectrometer sensitivity.
    • Heterodyne spectrometers are not suitable for detecting extremely dim light sources compared to single-photon detectors.