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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
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Self-Defensive Antimicrobial Surfaces Using Polymyxin-Loaded Poly(styrene sulfonate) Microgels.

Xixi Xiao1, Jingjing Ji2, Haoyu Wang3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey07030, United States.

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|October 18, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed self-defensive antimicrobial surfaces using microgels loaded with antibiotics. Polymyxin B demonstrated stronger binding, offering effective bacterial killing while remaining safe for human cells.

Keywords:
antibioticcomplexationcontact transferdrug deliveryinfectionmicrogel

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Antimicrobial Technology

Background:

  • Self-defensive antimicrobial surfaces aim to prevent bacterial colonization without constant antimicrobial release.
  • Microgel coatings loaded with antimicrobials offer a promising strategy for controlled release.
  • Complexation strength between microgels and antimicrobials is crucial for efficacy and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the complexation strength of colistin and polymyxin B with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) microgels.
  • To evaluate the stability and release characteristics of these antibiotic-loaded microgels.
  • To assess the antimicrobial efficacy and biocompatibility of the developed self-defensive surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to predict complexation free-energy changes.
  • In situ optical microscopy to observe microgel deswelling and stability under varying salt concentrations.
  • In vitro bacterial killing assays and human fetal osteoblast cell culture experiments.

Main Results:

  • Molecular dynamics indicated stronger complexation between polymyxin B and PSS microgels compared to colistin.
  • Polymyxin B-loaded microgels exhibited enhanced stability in higher salt concentrations.
  • Surfaces demonstrated effective killing of E. coli via contact-transfer mechanism while supporting osteoblast growth.

Conclusions:

  • Polymyxin B offers superior complexation with PSS microgels, leading to more stable antimicrobial surfaces.
  • These self-defensive surfaces show potential for physiological applications, triggered by bacterial presence.
  • The developed surfaces provide a novel approach for combating bacterial infections without harming host cells.