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Leptospirosis Infection Misdiagnosed as COVID-19: A Rare Case Report

Hüseyin Elçi1, Özhan Orhan1

  • 1Pediatrics, Kızıltepe State Hospital, Mardin, TUR.

Cureus
|October 19, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease, can mimic COVID-19 symptoms. This case report highlights the importance of considering leptospirosis in differential diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in developing countries.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Zoonotic Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Leptospirosis is a systemic zoonotic infection caused by *Leptospira interrogans*, presenting with varied severity from asymptomatic cases to multiorgan failure.
  • Transmission occurs through contact with contaminated water, soil, or food, often via urine from infected mammals.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a global health crisis, with pneumonia as a primary symptom.

Observation:

  • A case presented with symptoms initially managed under the differential diagnosis of COVID-19.
  • Diagnostic workup ultimately identified leptospirosis in this patient during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Findings:

  • This case underscores the potential for clinical overlap between leptospirosis and COVID-19.
  • Leptospirosis should be considered in patients with symptoms resembling COVID-19, particularly in endemic regions.

Implications:

  • Healthcare providers should maintain a broad differential diagnosis during pandemics.
  • Timely and accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis is crucial for appropriate patient management and preventing complications.
  • Raising awareness of leptospirosis is vital for public health, especially in developing countries facing concurrent infectious disease threats.
Keywords:
case reportcovid-19differential diagnosisleptospirosispediatric infectious disease

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