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Cardiac tissue engineering: Multiple approaches and potential applications.

Ilaria Gisone1, Antonella Cecchettini1,2, Elisa Ceccherini1

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Summary

New in vitro heart models using human pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) offer ethical alternatives to animal testing for cardiovascular disease research. These models, especially 3D systems, better mimic the human heart

Keywords:
biomaterialcardiac tissuehiPSCorganoidsscaffold

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Rising cardiovascular diseases and cardiotoxic compound exposure increase animal testing.
  • Ethical concerns drive demand for human-relevant in vitro cardiac models.
  • Human pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) show promise as in vitro models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze various in vitro cardiac models.
  • To guide researchers in selecting appropriate models for cardiac studies.
  • To highlight the advantages of hiPSC-CMs and 3D systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on in vitro cardiac models.
  • Analysis of pros and cons of different model systems.
  • Focus on hiPSC-CMs and three-dimensional (3D) cardiac models.

Main Results:

  • hiPSC-CMs offer biological similarity, flexibility, and scalability for cardiac studies.
  • Patient-derived hiPSCs enable personalized medicine approaches.
  • 3D models, including scaffold-free and scaffold-based systems, better replicate human heart cytoarchitecture and function.

Conclusions:

  • hiPSC-CMs and 3D in vitro models are valuable alternatives to animal testing.
  • These advanced models replicate key human heart features, aiding cardiovascular research and drug development.
  • The choice of model depends on specific research needs, with 3D systems offering superior physiological relevance.