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Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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Social cognitive processes explain bias in juror decisions.

Jaime J Castrellon1,2, Shabnam Hakimi2,3, Jacob M Parelman3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
|October 20, 2022
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Juror bias in crime-type decisions is linked to social cognition, not affect or moral judgment. Brain imaging reveals similar neural patterns for crime-type and racial bias, suggesting shared cognitive mechanisms.

Keywords:
decision-makingfMRIlawsocial bias

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Legal Psychology

Background:

  • Jury decisions are critical social judgments influenced by various biases.
  • Crime-type bias, where case strength perception varies with crime severity, is a significant factor.
  • Existing behavioral research cannot fully differentiate underlying cognitive mechanisms like social cognition, affect, or moral judgment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying crime-type bias in mock jurors.
  • To differentiate between social cognition, affect, and moral judgment as explanations for crime-type bias.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to capture brain activation patterns.
  • Mock jurors were presented with criminal scenarios to elicit decision-making processes.
  • Brain activity patterns associated with crime-type bias were analyzed and compared to other cognitive processes.

Main Results:

  • Brain activation patterns linked to crime-type bias most closely resembled those of social cognition, specifically mentalizing and racial bias.
  • Patterns did not align with neural correlates of affect or moral judgment.
  • This suggests a common underlying mechanism for different types of social biases in legal decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • Social cognition plays a central role in juror decision-making, particularly in relation to crime-type bias.
  • Crime-type bias and other biases, such as racial bias, may stem from similar social cognitive processes.
  • These findings have implications for understanding and mitigating bias in the legal system.