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Related Concept Videos

Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
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Percolation transition in phase-separating active fluid.

Monika Sanoria1, Raghunath Chelakkot1, Amitabha Nandi1

  • 1Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.

Physical Review. E
|October 21, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soft active particles form porous clusters, revealing new phases in their behavior. Increasing particle activity or softness triggers percolation transitions, expanding the known phase diagram for these systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Active particles with repulsive interactions commonly exhibit motility-induced phase separation.
  • The phase behavior of active matter is crucial for understanding biological and synthetic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of interaction softness on the phase behavior of active particles.
  • To explore the role of particle motility and athermal conditions in phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of active particles with tunable interaction softness.
  • Analysis of phase formation, cluster structure, and percolation phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Particle interaction softness destabilizes dense phases, forming large-scale porous clusters.
  • Elevated particle motility leads to percolation transitions, similar to the soft limit.
  • Athermal conditions reveal similar transitions even at low motility.

Conclusions:

  • The phase diagram of repulsive active particles is more complex than previously understood.
  • Interaction softness and motility are key parameters controlling phase separation and emergent structures.
  • New phases, including porous clusters and percolation transitions, expand the theoretical framework for active matter.