Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

328
Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
328
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

1.7K
Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
1.7K
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities01:22

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

2.5K
The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...
2.5K
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

1.1K
Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
1.1K
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

1.2K
Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
1.2K
Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

1.6K
Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Maternal asthma activity and offspring asthma: a linked-data population study in Australia and Sweden.

BMJ open respiratory research·2026
Same author

Cat exposure and asthma outcomes in a cohort of children with asthma and allergy.

Frontiers in allergy·2026
Same author

Oscillometric blood pressure values in infants at 3, 6 and 12 months of age: a cohort study.

BMJ paediatrics open·2026
Same author

Maternal Body Mass Index, Offspring Impaired Skin Barrier Function, Allergic Sensitization, and Bronchial Obstruction.

Allergy·2026
Same author

Dog exposure and subsequent asthma outcomes in children with asthma and allergy.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global·2026
Same author

Maternal BMI, early-life growth, and atopic dermatitis by age 3 years.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Implications of Non-Nutritive Sucking on Speech Emergence and Infant Development
06:19

Author Spotlight: Implications of Non-Nutritive Sucking on Speech Emergence and Infant Development

Published on: April 19, 2024

857

Infant tidal flow-volume parameters and arousal state.

Karen Eline Stensby Bains1,2,3, Martin Färdig4,5,3, Hrefna Katrín Gudmundsdóttir1,2

  • 1Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

ERJ Open Research
|October 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Infant lung function measured by tidal flow-volume loops differs significantly between awake and sleeping states at three months. Separate normative values for infant lung function may be needed based on arousal state.

More Related Videos

Characterization of the Isolated, Ventilated, and Instrumented Mouse Lung Perfused with Pulsatile Flow
10:02

Characterization of the Isolated, Ventilated, and Instrumented Mouse Lung Perfused with Pulsatile Flow

Published on: April 29, 2011

16.4K
A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways
09:39

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways

Published on: May 9, 2016

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Implications of Non-Nutritive Sucking on Speech Emergence and Infant Development
06:19

Author Spotlight: Implications of Non-Nutritive Sucking on Speech Emergence and Infant Development

Published on: April 19, 2024

857
Characterization of the Isolated, Ventilated, and Instrumented Mouse Lung Perfused with Pulsatile Flow
10:02

Characterization of the Isolated, Ventilated, and Instrumented Mouse Lung Perfused with Pulsatile Flow

Published on: April 29, 2011

16.4K
A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways
09:39

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways

Published on: May 9, 2016

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Infant Respiratory Physiology
  • Neonatal Health

Background:

  • Infant lung function assessment commonly uses tidal flow-volume (TFV) loops.
  • The impact of arousal state (awake vs. sleeping) on TFV loop parameters in early infancy is not well-established.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for accurate interpretation of infant respiratory health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in TFV loop parameters between awake and sleeping states in healthy 3-month-old infants.
  • To determine if arousal state influences key TFV loop metrics.
  • To inform the development of state-specific normative data for infant lung function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 91 infants in the PreventADALL birth cohort with reproducible TFV loops measured in both awake and sleeping states at 3 months.
  • Employed the Exhalyzer® D device for TFV loop measurements.
  • Compared parameters including time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time ratio (tPTEF/tE), volume ratio (VPTEF/VE), tidal volume (VT), and respiratory rate using nonparametric tests.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher tPTEF/tE (0.39 vs. 0.28) and VPTEF/VE (0.38 vs. 0.29) were observed in the awake state compared to the sleeping state.
  • Tidal volume (VT) remained similar between states.
  • Respiratory rate was notably higher when infants were awake (53 breaths/min) versus sleeping (38 breaths/min).

Conclusions:

  • Awake infants exhibit distinct TFV loop characteristics, including higher tPTEF/tE, VPTEF/VE, and respiratory rate, compared to sleeping infants.
  • The similarity in tidal volume suggests state-specific alterations in airflow timing rather than volume.
  • These findings indicate a potential need for separate normative TFV loop values based on arousal state in early infancy for precise clinical assessment.