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Related Concept Videos

Acid–Base Equilibria: Activity-Based Definition of pH01:10

Acid–Base Equilibria: Activity-Based Definition of pH

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For an ideal solution, the pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. For a non-ideal solution, an accurate measurement of the pH must consider the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity rather than concentration. In such a solution, the pH can be more accurately defined as the negative logarithm of a product of the hydrogen ion concentration and its activity coefficient.
In solutions of very low ionic strength—for example, pure water—the...
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Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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Relative Strengths of Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs02:29

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Brønsted-Lowry acid-base chemistry is the transfer of protons; thus, logic suggests a relation between the relative strengths of conjugate acid-base pairs. The strength of an acid or base is quantified in its ionization constant, Ka or Kb, which represents the extent of the acid or base ionization reaction. For the conjugate acid-base pair HA / A−, the ionization equilibrium equations and ionization constant expressions are
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Buffers: Overview01:30

Buffers: Overview

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Buffers play a crucial role in stabilizing the pH of a solution by mitigating the effects of small amounts of added acid or base. They consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl (aq).
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Acid and Bases: Ka, pKa, and Relative Strengths02:35

Acid and Bases: Ka, pKa, and Relative Strengths

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This lesson delves into a critical aspect of the relative strengths of acids and bases. The strength of an acid is evaluated by the acid dissociation into its conjugate base and a hydronium ion in water. The complete dissociation of a strong acid is confirmed with a very high concentration of hydronium ions. As a result, an incomplete dissociation process affirms a weak acid. Therefore, the equilibrium is in the forward direction for strong acids and backward for weak acids in these reactions.
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Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base03:55

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Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
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Updated: Aug 24, 2025

Multi-analyte Biochip MAB Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes ASSISE for Physiological Research
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Acid-Base.

Kate Hopper1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Room 2112, Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|October 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evaluating acid-base balance in dogs is crucial for diagnosis and monitoring. This review details a step-by-step approach to assessing canine acid-base status, identifying common causes of imbalance, and outlining treatment strategies.

Keywords:
AcidosisAlkalosisAnion gapBicarbonateCarbon dioxide

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Clinical Pathology

Background:

  • Acid-base balance evaluation is vital in clinical medicine for diagnosis and monitoring.
  • Blood gas analysis offers rapid results using minimal blood volumes, ideal for critical care settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a systematic approach for assessing acid-base balance in dogs.
  • To identify prevalent causes of acid-base disturbances in canine patients.
  • To provide a general treatment framework for acid-base abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on canine acid-base assessment.
  • Stepwise diagnostic methodology for evaluating blood gas parameters.
  • Categorization of common etiologies for acid-base disorders.

Main Results:

  • A structured approach to interpreting acid-base parameters in dogs was detailed.
  • Common causes including metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis were discussed.
  • General treatment principles were presented based on underlying causes.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic assessment of acid-base balance is essential for effective management of canine critical care patients.
  • Understanding common causes aids in targeted therapeutic interventions.
  • This review provides a practical guide for veterinarians managing acid-base disturbances in dogs.