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Transparent by choice: Proactive disclosures increase compliance with digital defaults
Yavor Paunov1, Tobias Vogel2, Moritz Ingendahl3
1Division of Philosophy, School of Architecture and the Building Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Frontiers in Psychology
|October 24, 2022
Summary
Defaults can influence choices, but transparency matters. Voluntary disclosures about default nudges are more effective than mandated ones, as people prefer them when they are not forced.
Area of Science:
- Behavioral Economics
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Digital Ethics
Background:
- Defaults are effective choice-influencing tools in online environments, used for purposes like promoting sustainable behavior or cookie acceptance.
- Ethical concerns arise regarding defaults due to their covert influence, leading to regulations for transparency in digital decision-making.
- Current transparency mandates often involve complex legal information, potentially impacting nudge effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether the effectiveness of proactive default nudges persists under mandated transparency conditions.
- To differentiate between voluntary (proactive) and mandated transparency in influencing user choices regarding defaults.
- To assess user perception and choice behavior when faced with different transparency disclosure types.
Main Methods:
- Conducted two empirical studies with 364 respondents.
- Presented participants with scenarios involving default options and varying levels of transparency disclosures (voluntary vs. mandated).
- Analyzed user differentiation between proactive and mandated transparency and their subsequent choices.
Main Results:
- Respondents clearly distinguished between proactive and mandated transparency disclosures.
- Participants chose the default option significantly more often when the transparency disclosure was voluntary compared to mandated.
- The findings suggest that mandated transparency may reduce the effectiveness of default nudges.
Conclusions:
- Proactive transparency in default settings is perceived differently and leads to higher default choice rates than mandated transparency.
- The study challenges the assumption that all disclosures reduce nudge effectiveness, highlighting the importance of disclosure type.
- Results have implications for designing ethical and effective digital decision aids and inform future regulatory approaches to online transparency.
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