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Related Concept Videos

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

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Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
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Viruses of Archaea01:29

Viruses of Archaea

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Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
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Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
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Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

558
Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Adapting Gastrointestinal Organoids for Pathogen Infection and Single Cell Sequencing under Biosafety Level 3 BSL-3 Conditions
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Atypical Viral Infections in Gastroenterology.

Neira Crnčević1, Zijah Rifatbegović2, Mirsada Hukić3,4

  • 1Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, 71210 Ilidža, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Enteric viruses are resilient GI tract parasites transmitted via fecal-oral routes. This review explores typical and atypical viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, and their interaction with gut dysbiosis.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2dysbiosisenteric virusesgastrointestinal tracthantavirusmicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Enteric viruses are obligate parasites of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, known for their stability and fecal-oral transmission.
  • Common symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, necessitating passage through mucus, innate, and adaptive immune defenses.
  • Atypical infections like SARS-CoV-2, hantavirus, herpes simplex virus I, cytomegalovirus, and calicivirus in the GI tract are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of enteric viruses and their interaction with host defenses.
  • To discuss atypical gastrointestinal viral infections and the role of gut dysbiosis.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding viral mechanisms and host-microbiome interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of enteric viral infections and host-pathogen interactions.
  • Analysis of viral mechanisms for overcoming host defenses.
  • Exploration of the impact of gut dysbiosis on viral susceptibility and infection outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Enteric viruses exhibit remarkable stability and employ diverse strategies to breach GI tract defenses.
  • Gut dysbiosis can increase susceptibility to both bacterial and viral infections.
  • Atypical presentations of viruses like SARS-CoV-2 in the GI tract are significant.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the complex interplay between enteric viruses, host immunity, and the gut microbiome is crucial.
  • Further research into viral detection, characteristics, and long-term effects is needed.
  • The study of viral-bacterial interactions and host physiology will advance knowledge of GI infections.