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Atypical Viral Infections in Gastroenterology

Neira Crnčević1, Zijah Rifatbegović2, Mirsada Hukić3,4

  • 1Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, 71210 Ilidža, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 24, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Enteric viruses are resilient GI tract parasites transmitted via fecal-oral routes. This review explores typical and atypical viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, and their interaction with gut dysbiosis.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Enteric viruses are obligate parasites of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, known for their stability and fecal-oral transmission.
  • Common symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, necessitating passage through mucus, innate, and adaptive immune defenses.
  • Atypical infections like SARS-CoV-2, hantavirus, herpes simplex virus I, cytomegalovirus, and calicivirus in the GI tract are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of enteric viruses and their interaction with host defenses.
  • To discuss atypical gastrointestinal viral infections and the role of gut dysbiosis.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding viral mechanisms and host-microbiome interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of enteric viral infections and host-pathogen interactions.
  • Analysis of viral mechanisms for overcoming host defenses.
  • Exploration of the impact of gut dysbiosis on viral susceptibility and infection outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Enteric viruses exhibit remarkable stability and employ diverse strategies to breach GI tract defenses.
  • Gut dysbiosis can increase susceptibility to both bacterial and viral infections.
  • Atypical presentations of viruses like SARS-CoV-2 in the GI tract are significant.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the complex interplay between enteric viruses, host immunity, and the gut microbiome is crucial.
  • Further research into viral detection, characteristics, and long-term effects is needed.
  • The study of viral-bacterial interactions and host physiology will advance knowledge of GI infections.
Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2dysbiosisenteric virusesgastrointestinal tracthantavirusmicrobiome

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