Intent to Understand the Meaning of Psychotic Symptoms During Patient-Psychiatrist Interactions

Research confirms that although patients experiencing psychosis want to speak about their symptoms with psychiatrists, psychiatrists are often hesitant to engage them directly in such conversations because of their fear of colluding, promoting defensiveness, or rupturing the therapeutic alliance. As a result, patients are often left to contend with confusing psychotic experiences, such as hallucinations and delusions, that they cannot make sense of on their own. In this article, the common barriers that prevent engagement in conversations about psychosis are described, and the conventional wisdom about the futility of talking with patients about delusions is challenged. The article suggests that instead of avoiding conversations about psychotic ideas, psychiatrists should embrace an "intent to understand," an inquisitive state of mind even in the face of seemingly incomprehensible symptoms. Such a stance can promote the therapeutic alliance, deepen an understanding of the patient as a person, and facilitate an integrative recovery style. Finally, the article offers clinical pointers, including the importance of behaving courteously and respectfully, listening to the affect expressed in the symptom, and looking for connections between the symptom and painful life experiences. Maintaining an intent to understand may help psychiatric residents-in-training, as well as experienced clinicians, to foster an empathic understanding that builds a positive therapeutic alliance and contributes to more successful pharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic interventions.