Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bootstrapping01:24

Bootstrapping

659
The term "bootstrap" originated in the 19th century as a metaphor for self-improvement or achieving something independently, without external assistance. This concept extends to statistical bootstrapping, a self-contained method for estimating population parameters through resampling, even though it can be computationally intensive. Developed by the American statistician Dr. Bradley Efron in 1979, bootstrapping provides a robust way to perform inference when the original sample size is...
659
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

525
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
525
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

3.0K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
3.0K
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

622
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
622
Sample Size Calculation01:19

Sample Size Calculation

3.7K
Knowledge of the sample size is the first requirement to conduct random sampling or an experiment. The sample size is the total number of units, observations, or groups (in some cases) used to get the data to estimate a population parameter. As the name suggests, the sample size is that of the sample drawn from the population and differs from the population size.
The sample size for the given experiment or sampling effort is fundamental to any study design. Sample size decides the number of...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Proteomic analysis of malignant ascites and its impact on ovarian cancer spheroids.

Clinical proteomics·2026
Same author

Simplification of a Three-Constant Intraocular Lens Calculation Formula to a Single-Constant Approach: The Haigis Formula.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Intraocular Lens Calculation Concept Based on Aphakic Refraction-Considerations on a Cornea Model With Two Refracting Surfaces.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same author

Variation in Manifest Subjective Refraction in a Population Screened for Refractive Surgery.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Tissue-resolved proteomic characterization of oat grains guided by metabolite MALDI mass spectrometry imaging.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Noise-Floor Benchmarking of Surgically Induced Astigmatism After Cataract Surgery: Anterior Versus Total Keratometry.

Journal of cataract and refractive surgery·2026
Same journal

Distinguish polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy through choroidal alterations: A systematic review, meta-analysis and narrative synthesis.

Acta ophthalmologica·2026
Same journal

Ocular blood flow and retinal oxygen saturation measurements in central retinal artery occlusion.

Acta ophthalmologica·2026
Same journal

Retinal dystrophies simulating geographic atrophy: A diagnostic challenge.

Acta ophthalmologica·2026
Same journal

Radial outer retina reflectivity (RORR) sign in LAMP2-associated retinopathy.

Acta ophthalmologica·2026
Same journal

Deep learning in glaucoma referral: Performance assessment using a real-world setting.

Acta ophthalmologica·2026
Same journal

Clinical manifestations of dual-gene variants in retinitis pigmentosa.

Acta ophthalmologica·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Visual Outcomes in Cataract Surgery: A Novel Technique to Prevent Posterior Capsular Opacification Through IOL Rotation
04:59

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Visual Outcomes in Cataract Surgery: A Novel Technique to Prevent Posterior Capsular Opacification Through IOL Rotation

Published on: July 7, 2023

2.5K

Evaluating intraocular lens power formula constant robustness using bootstrap algorithms.

Achim Langenbucher1, Nóra Szentmáry2,3, Alan Cayless4

  • 1Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.

Acta Ophthalmologica
|October 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates that bootstrapping effectively evaluates formula constant uncertainties in intraocular lens power calculations. The method ensures consistent results with low prediction errors for various theoretical-optical formulae.

Keywords:
bootstrap techniquesconstant optimisationformula prediction errorlens formula evaluationlens power calculationperformance metrics

More Related Videos

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler SLPS Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses
06:55

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler SLPS Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses

Published on: June 6, 2017

7.6K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Understanding of Age-Related Lens Stiffness Changes
05:19

Author Spotlight: Advancing Understanding of Age-Related Lens Stiffness Changes

Published on: April 5, 2024

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Visual Outcomes in Cataract Surgery: A Novel Technique to Prevent Posterior Capsular Opacification Through IOL Rotation
04:59

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Visual Outcomes in Cataract Surgery: A Novel Technique to Prevent Posterior Capsular Opacification Through IOL Rotation

Published on: July 7, 2023

2.5K
Scanning Light Scattering Profiler SLPS Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses
06:55

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler SLPS Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses

Published on: June 6, 2017

7.6K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Understanding of Age-Related Lens Stiffness Changes
05:19

Author Spotlight: Advancing Understanding of Age-Related Lens Stiffness Changes

Published on: April 5, 2024

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biostatistics
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation relies on theoretical-optical formulae.
  • Evaluating the robustness of formula constants and their impact on prediction error (PE) is crucial for accurate IOL power.
  • Bootstrapping offers a statistical method to assess model parameter reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a bootstrap-based method for assessing uncertainties in IOL formula constants.
  • To evaluate the effect of these uncertainties on prediction error in IOL power calculations.
  • To apply this method to established theoretical-optical formulae.

Main Methods:

  • Optimized constants for Haigis, Castrop, and SRKT formulae using nonlinear iterative optimization on a dataset of 888 clinical cases.
  • Employed bootstrapping (1000 iterations) to derive formula constants for each bootstrap sample.
  • Calculated the robustness of constants and back-calculated prediction errors from bootstrapped models.

Main Results:

  • Established 90% confidence intervals for constants of Haigis, Castrop, and SRKT formulae.
  • Quantified the standard deviation of back-calculated prediction errors (mean, median, mean absolute, root mean squared) for each formula.
  • Demonstrated low variations in prediction errors across bootstrapped models.

Conclusions:

  • Bootstrapping confirms the consistency of nonlinear iterative optimization for IOL formula constants.
  • The technique yields low uncertainties for formula constants across Haigis, Castrop, and SRKT formulae.
  • Low variations in back-calculated prediction errors indicate the robustness of the optimized constants.