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Updated: Aug 24, 2025

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles
Published on: October 18, 2024
LC3-dependent EV loading and secretion (LDELS) promotes TFRC (transferrin receptor) secretion via extracellular
Jackson O Gardner1,2, Andrew M Leidal1, Tan A Nguyen1
1Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
LC3-dependent EV loading and secretion (LDELS) pathway mediates transferrin receptor (TFRC) secretion via extracellular vesicles (EVs). This process requires LC3-conjugation and ESCRT machinery, but not classical autophagy proteins.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Autophagy Research
Background:
- LC3-dependent EV loading and secretion (LDELS) is an autophagy-related pathway for secreting cytosolic cargo via extracellular vesicles (EVs).
- Transferrin receptor (TFRC) is identified as a transmembrane cargo protein secreted through this pathway.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of the LDELS pathway in the secretion of transmembrane proteins, specifically TFRC.
- To elucidate the molecular machinery involved in TFRC packaging and secretion into EVs.
Main Methods:
- Genetic analysis of autophagy-related (ATG) genes and LC3-conjugation machinery.
- Investigation of endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway components.
- Assessment of the role of small GTPase RAB27A in EV secretion.
Main Results:
- TFRC secretion via EVs is dependent on LC3-conjugation machinery.
- TFRC secretion is independent of ATG proteins involved in canonical autophagosome formation.
- EV packaging and secretion of TFRC require ESCRT components and RAB27A.
Conclusions:
- The LDELS pathway facilitates the incorporation and secretion of TFRC into EVs.
- This study reveals TFRC as a transmembrane cargo of the LDELS pathway, highlighting a novel secretory mechanism.
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