[Modern problems of hyper- and hypoparathyroidism]

The parathyroid glands are the most important regulators of mineral metabolism. The parathyroid glands were first discovered only in 1880 and their function went the long way unrecognized. Even the term "parathyroid gland" itself speaks of the initial misconception of it as an underdeveloped part of the thyroid. To date, there is a large amount of data regarding the role of this endocrine gland in the human body and the significant changes associated with their dysfunction, including such widespread diseases such primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism. This review covers the problem of the main disturbances in calcium-phosphorus metabolism, presents the results of databases of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism, as well as current epidemiological trends in Russia and in the world.