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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Are Associated with Sub-Optimal and Inconsistent Temporal

Ortal Gabrieli-Seri1, Eyal Ert2, Yehuda Pollak1

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is linked to inconsistent decision-making, not just steeper discounting. This suggests sub-optimal temporal choices may underlie ADHD symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is theorized to involve steeper delay discounting.
  • A novel interpretation suggests sub-optimal temporal decision-making and inconsistency as underlying mechanisms in ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between ADHD symptoms and temporal decision-making.
  • To explore inconsistency as a potential mechanism in ADHD's temporal decision-making deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with MTurk workers.
  • Participants completed ADHD symptom questionnaires and a temporal decision-making task involving choices between immediate and delayed rewards.
  • Choice consistency and rate of delayed option selection were measured.

Main Results:

  • Higher ADHD symptoms correlated with fewer delayed choices when beneficial and more delayed choices when detrimental.
  • ADHD symptoms were associated with increased inconsistency in decision-making across conditions.
  • Findings indicate sub-optimal temporal decision-making rather than solely steeper delay discounting.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD is linked to sub-optimal temporal decision-making, characterized by inconsistency.
  • Inconsistency may be a key mechanism contributing to decision-making difficulties in ADHD.
  • This research reframes the understanding of ADHD's relationship with temporal choices.