Spatial and Temporal Expression Characteristics of the HBB Gene Family in Six Different Pig Breeds

β-Thalassemia induces hemolytic anemia caused by mutations in the β-chain gene locus. As humans progress from embryo to adulthood, hemoglobin recombines twice. To test whether similar hemoglobin reassembly occurs in pigs, bioinformatics tools were used to predict the pig hemoglobin-encoding gene. We then systematically analyzed the expression patterns of the HBB gene family in three developmental stages (weaning, sexual maturity and physical maturity) of six different pig breeds (Landrace, Yorkshire, Wuzhishan, Songliao black, Meishan and Tibetan). The results showed that the new hemoglobin coding gene 'HBB-like' was found in pigs, while the HBG gene did not exist in pigs, indicating that human-like reassembly might not exist in pigs. The HBB and HBB-like genes shared highly similar amino acid sequences and gene sequences. The genes on the β-chain were highly similar between humans and pigs and the amino acid sequences of human and pig HBB genes at position 26 and positions 41-42 were identical. qPCR results showed that there were significant differences in the spatiotemporal expression patterns of the four genes (HBA, HBB, HBB-like and HBE) across breeds. Our results provide a foundation for follow-up studies assessing the relationship between the gene-encoding hemoglobin and β-thalassemia disease, as well as the construction of a gene-edited β-thalassemia miniature pig model to assess β-thalassemia treatments.