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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

6.0K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
6.0K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

19.6K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
19.6K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

12.6K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
12.6K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

42.7K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
42.7K
Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria01:01

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria

2.9K
Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube...
2.9K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

17.8K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

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Phase Behavior of Ionic Liquid-Based Aqueous Two-Phase Systems.

Lirong Nie1, Ziwei Zheng1, Mingxia Lu1

  • 1School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic liquid (IL)-based aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) offer eco-friendly separation. This review summarizes recent progress and future directions in IL-ATPS phase behavior, crucial for process optimization.

Keywords:
aqueous two-phase systemionic liquidmechanismphase equilibriumsalting-out agent

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are explored as environmentally friendly separation media.
  • Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) offer unique separation capabilities.
  • IL-based ATPSs combine the advantages of both ILs and ATPS for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the phase behavior of IL-based ATPS.
  • To discuss the influence of various components on IL-ATPS phase diagrams.
  • To highlight future research and application prospects for IL-ATPS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on IL-based ATPS.
  • Analysis of phase equilibrium data for IL-based ATPS.
  • Discussion of component effects (salting-out agents, ILs) on phase behavior.

Main Results:

  • IL-based ATPSs show significant potential as green separation media.
  • Phase behavior is sensitive to the choice of IL and salting-out agent.
  • Understanding phase equilibrium is key for process design and optimization.

Conclusions:

  • IL-based ATPSs represent a promising area for sustainable separation technologies.
  • Further research into phase behavior will drive wider adoption.
  • This review provides valuable insights for researchers and engineers in the field.