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Fluoride Exposure from Ready-To-Drink Coffee Consumption.
Samuel Alejandro-Vega1,2, Daniel Suárez-Marichal1,2, Daniel Niebla-Canelo1,2
1Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain.
Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 27, 2022
Summary
This study measured fluoride in cold coffee, finding espresso had the highest levels. While moderate consumption poses no health risk, it significantly contributes to daily fluoride intake.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Food Science
- Toxicology
Background:
- Fluoride is ubiquitous in food and beverages.
- High fluoride intake can lead to serious health issues like dental fluorosis, osteoporosis, and neurological damage.
- Assessing fluoride levels in popular beverages is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify fluoride concentrations in various ready-to-drink cold brewed coffee types.
- To statistically analyze differences in fluoride levels among coffee categories.
- To evaluate potential health risks associated with coffee consumption based on established upper intake levels.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 60 cold brewed coffee samples (espresso, cappuccino, macchiato, decaffeinated).
- Utilized the fluoride ion-selective potentiometric method for precise measurement.
- Conducted a risk assessment using European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) upper intake levels (UL) and various consumption scenarios (250-750 mL/day).
Main Results:
- Espresso coffee exhibited the highest fluoride concentration (1.465 mg/L), followed by Macchiato (1.254 mg/L).
- Decaffeinated coffee showed the lowest fluoride levels (0.845 mg/L).
- Consumption of up to three servings daily did not exceed the EFSA's upper limit of 7 mg/day.
Conclusions:
- Ready-to-drink cold brewed coffee contains significant fluoride levels, with espresso being the highest.
- While typical consumption is unlikely to cause acute health risks, it represents a notable dietary source of fluoride.
- Further research into fluoride content in beverages and its long-term health implications is warranted.
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