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A Novel 3D Helical Microelectrode Array for In Vitro Extracellular Action Potential Recording.

Negar Geramifard1, Jennifer Lawson2, Stuart F Cogan1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.

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Summary

Researchers developed a novel helical 3D microelectrode array (MEA) for advanced neuronal tissue engineering. This technology enables high-fidelity recording of extracellular action potentials from 3D cell cultures, improving in vitro drug testing.

Keywords:
3D cell culture3D microelectrodeiPSC sensory neuronsmicroelectrode arrays

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) tissue cultures with microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are standard for in vitro drug testing.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) neuronal cultures offer more physiologically relevant models but lack adequate MEA technology.
  • Current 3D MEAs face challenges in creating reliable vertical electrical conduction paths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a novel helical 3D MEA for improved 3D neuronal tissue recording.
  • To assess the electrical performance and biocompatibility of the new 3D MEA system.
  • To demonstrate the capability of the 3D MEA for long-term recording of neuronal activity in 3D cultures.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a helical 3D MEA using polyimide, amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC), gold/titanium, and sputtered iridium oxide films (SIROF).
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) for electrical characterization.
  • Seeding of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived sensory neurons (SNs) within a 3D collagen hydrogel integrated with the helical MEA.

Main Results:

  • The novel helical 3D MEA was successfully fabricated using biocompatible materials.
  • Electrochemical testing confirmed the MEA's potential for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) extracellular action potential (EAP) recording.
  • Long-term (up to 28 days) EAP recordings were achieved from iPSC-derived SNs in a 3D hydrogel environment.

Conclusions:

  • The helical 3D MEA overcomes previous technological limitations for 3D neuronal culture recording.
  • This adaptable platform supports various cell types and culture configurations for advanced in vitro studies.
  • The developed technology advances the potential for more accurate pharmacological and toxicological assessments using 3D neuronal models.