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Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Updated: Aug 23, 2025

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Advances in Immunotherapy for Hepatitis B.

Dongyao Wang1,2,3,4,5, Binqing Fu1,3, Haiming Wei1,2,3

  • 1Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes liver disease and cancer. Current treatments suppress the virus but don't cure it, highlighting the need for immune-boosting therapies for HBV clearance.

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HBVImmunotherapyimmune evasion

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of global liver disease, potentially leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • Chronic HBV infection (CHB) is characterized by persistent viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and impaired host immune responses.
  • Despite effective antiviral therapies, a functional cure for HBV remains elusive due to immune exhaustion and viral evasion mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the immunopathogenesis and immunobiology of HBV infection.
  • To analyze the limitations of existing therapeutic strategies in achieving an HBV cure.
  • To propose novel therapeutic approaches, including combination therapies and immunotherapies, for HBV clearance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immunopathogenic mechanisms in HBV infection.
  • Analysis of immune response evasion strategies employed by HBV.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging therapeutic interventions for CHB.

Main Results:

  • HBV infection involves complex interactions between the virus and both innate and adaptive immune systems.
  • Immune exhaustion and viral evasion are key hurdles in eradicating HBV.
  • Existing virus-suppressing regimens do not fully restore antiviral immunity needed for a cure.

Conclusions:

  • A functional cure for HBV likely requires strategies that enhance the host's antiviral immune response.
  • Combination therapies involving new drugs and innovative immunotherapies hold promise for achieving viral clearance.
  • Further research into HBV immunobiology is crucial for developing effective curative treatments.