Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

2.6K
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
2.6K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.4K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.4K
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.3K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.3K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.1K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.6K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.6K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Micro- and Nanopatterning of Highly Conductive PEDOT Thin Films.

Macromolecular rapid communications·2026
Same author

Mesoporous Copper-Based Metal-Organic Framework Flakes as a Promising Platform for Electrosynthesis of Ethylene from Carbon Dioxide.

Small science·2026
Same author

A Comprehensive Review on Hydrogen Production from Biomass Gasification.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Tuning the Solid-State Hydrogen Release of Ammonia Borane by Entrapping the Intermediates: The Role of High-Boiling-Point Amines.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

A quantum resistance memristor for an intrinsically traceable International System of Units standard.

Nature nanotechnology·2025
Same author

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of IrNi Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Electrolyte.

ChemistryOpen·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

7.9K

Liquid Phase Infiltration of Block Copolymers.

Irdi Murataj1,2, Eleonora Cara1, Nicoletta Baglieri1,2

  • 1Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Sciences Division, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy.

Polymers
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Block copolymers and liquid phase infiltration enable precise nanoscale inorganic material synthesis. This review details methods for creating complex 3D nanostructures for applications in photonics, plasmonics, and electronics.

Keywords:
BCPsLPIblock copolymersliquid phase infiltrationmetal loadingself-assembly

More Related Videos

Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
09:02

Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

Published on: July 9, 2015

12.3K
Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
10:53

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

14.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

7.9K
Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
09:02

Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

Published on: July 9, 2015

12.3K
Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
10:53

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

14.1K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Nanoscale materials with controlled composition and structure are crucial for advanced applications.
  • Existing synthesis methods often lack the precision needed to correlate material properties with functionality.
  • Self-assembling block copolymers (BCPs) offer a promising platform for creating ordered nanostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and parameters of liquid phase infiltration (LPI) using BCPs for inorganic material synthesis.
  • To highlight novel methodologies for creating multicomponent and 3D inorganic nanostructures via LPI.
  • To showcase recent applications of LPI-derived materials in photonics, plasmonics, and electronics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing self-assembling block copolymers (BCPs) as templates.
  • Employing liquid phase infiltration (LPI) to introduce inorganic components into BCP nanostructures.
  • Developing and reviewing advanced LPI techniques for complex architectures.

Main Results:

  • LPI provides control over inorganic material properties by tuning polymer infiltration parameters.
  • New methods enable the fabrication of multicomponent and three-dimensional (3D) inorganic nanostructures.
  • LPI-synthesized materials demonstrate significant potential in various high-tech fields.

Conclusions:

  • Block copolymer templated LPI is a versatile strategy for advanced inorganic nanomaterial synthesis.
  • The ability to create complex nanostructures opens new avenues for functional material design.
  • LPI is a key enabling technology for next-generation photonics, plasmonics, and electronics.