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Related Concept Videos

The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

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Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

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The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

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Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
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Bladder Paraganglioma Presenting as Post-Micturition Syncope.

Maria Tomkins1, Mark McCabe2, Stephen Crowther3

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare bladder paraganglioma, a type of neuroendocrine tumor, caused recurrent syncope in a young woman. This case highlights the importance of considering genetic causes like SDHB gene variants in such presentations.

Keywords:
ParagangliomaSDHBbladder resectionphaeochromocytoma

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bladder paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors.
  • Micturition syncope can be a rare presenting symptom.
  • Family history is crucial for identifying genetic predispositions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of bladder paraganglioma presenting with post-micturition syncope.
  • To highlight the association with a specific SDHB gene variant.
  • To emphasize the importance of family history and genetic screening.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 22-year-old woman with a 12-year history of syncope and hypertension.
  • Diagnostic workup including ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, plasma normetanephrines, CT, and scintigraphy.
  • Surgical resection (partial cystectomy) and subsequent histological and genetic analysis (SDHB gene sequencing).

Main Results:

  • A 4.4 cm bladder paraganglioma was identified and surgically removed.
  • The patient had elevated plasma normetanephrines and hypertension, which normalized post-surgery.
  • Histology confirmed paraganglioma with lost SDHB staining, and a germline SDHB gene variant c.723C>G was identified.

Conclusions:

  • Bladder paraganglioma is a rare differential diagnosis for micturition syncope, especially in young patients with a family history.
  • The identified SDHB gene variant c.723C>G is novel in association with paraganglioma.
  • Thorough clinical history, family history, and genetic evaluation are essential for diagnosing and managing these rare tumors.