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Response of Thoraco-Abdominal Tissue in High-Rate Compression.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Materials Science
  • Injury Biomechanics

Background:

  • Body armor protects against penetrating injuries but can cause blunt force trauma via high-rate compression.
  • Accurate material properties of biological tissues are crucial for finite element modeling (FEM) of these injuries.
  • Predicting injury from blunt force trauma requires understanding tissue response to rapid deformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the stress-strain response of porcine thoraco-abdominal tissues at high strain rates.
  • To characterize the material properties of adipose, heart, spleen, and stomach tissues under dynamic compression.
  • To provide data for improving the accuracy of finite element models used in injury prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus to apply high-rate compression.
  • Tested porcine adipose, heart, spleen, and stomach tissues at strain rates of 1000 s⁻¹ and 1900 s⁻¹.
  • Measured the stress-strain response to determine material properties like Young's modulus (E).

Main Results:

  • Adipose tissue exhibited the most compliant response at both 1000 s⁻¹ (E=4.7 MPa) and 1900 s⁻¹ (E=7.3 MPa).
  • Spleen and heart tissues showed increasing stiffness with higher strain rates.
  • All tested tissues demonstrated a significant rate-dependent increase in stress response compared to quasi-static properties.

Conclusions:

  • High-rate material properties of key thoraco-abdominal tissues have been quantified.
  • Results highlight the critical role of strain rate on tissue mechanical behavior.
  • This data is essential for developing more predictive finite element models of blunt force trauma from body armor.