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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Updated: Aug 23, 2025

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
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Sharp Rise in New-Onset Pediatric Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Aisha Ansar1, Tim Livett2, Whitney Beaton2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.

WMJ : Official Publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin
|October 27, 2022
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Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased new pediatric diabetes cases, with higher severity. This rise in type 1 and type 2 diabetes was observed in children, necessitating further research into societal and viral impacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to significant changes in the incidence, severity, and management of diabetes.
  • Understanding these pandemic-related impacts on pediatric diabetes is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the incidence of new-onset pediatric diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To analyze changes in diabetes presentation, including age, severity, body mass index (BMI), and COVID-19 testing status.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of pediatric patients with newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted between 2018 and 2021.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, clinical presentation (HbA1c, BMI, pH), and COVID-19 PCR results.
  • Statistical analyses, including Poisson regression, were used to compare pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in the incidence of both type 1 (69%) and type 2 (225%) diabetes mellitus was observed during the pandemic.
  • Patients presented with increased severity, including a higher rate of diabetic ketoacidosis.
  • The majority of pediatric patients diagnosed with diabetes during the pandemic tested negative for COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a dramatic rise in the number and severity of new pediatric diabetes diagnoses.
  • This increase was not attributable to changes in referral patterns or insurance.
  • Further investigation is required to elucidate the roles of societal factors and the potential direct diabetogenic effects of SARS-CoV-2.