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Sharp Rise in New-Onset Pediatric Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Aisha Ansar1, Tim Livett2, Whitney Beaton2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.

WMJ : Official Publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin
|October 27, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased new pediatric diabetes cases, with higher severity. This rise in type 1 and type 2 diabetes was observed in children, necessitating further research into societal and viral impacts.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to significant changes in the incidence, severity, and management of diabetes.
  • Understanding these pandemic-related impacts on pediatric diabetes is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the incidence of new-onset pediatric diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To analyze changes in diabetes presentation, including age, severity, body mass index (BMI), and COVID-19 testing status.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of pediatric patients with newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted between 2018 and 2021.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, clinical presentation (HbA1c, BMI, pH), and COVID-19 PCR results.
  • Statistical analyses, including Poisson regression, were used to compare pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in the incidence of both type 1 (69%) and type 2 (225%) diabetes mellitus was observed during the pandemic.
  • Patients presented with increased severity, including a higher rate of diabetic ketoacidosis.
  • The majority of pediatric patients diagnosed with diabetes during the pandemic tested negative for COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a dramatic rise in the number and severity of new pediatric diabetes diagnoses.
  • This increase was not attributable to changes in referral patterns or insurance.
  • Further investigation is required to elucidate the roles of societal factors and the potential direct diabetogenic effects of SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract

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