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Shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) using interconnected nanowire network foams as reinforcements.

Yixi Chen1, Nazanin Afsar Kazerooni2, Arun Srinivasa2

  • 1Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America.

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|October 27, 2022
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Summary

This study introduces a novel fabrication method for shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) using pre-fabricated nanowire foams. This new approach significantly enhances mechanical properties compared to traditional methods, offering improved recovery stress and cyclability for advanced materials.

Keywords:
compositesepoxynanowiresshape memory polymer composites (SMPCs)shape memory polymerstitania

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Polymer Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Shape memory polymers (SMPs) offer advantages like processability but have limitations in mechanical properties (recovery stress, cyclability) compared to shape memory alloys.
  • Reinforcing SMPs with inorganic nanowires or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a common strategy to improve mechanical performance.
  • Traditional fabrication methods for SMP composites (SMPCs) often yield only marginal improvements due to the rule-of-mixture limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new fabrication method for SMPCs that overcomes the limitations of traditional approaches.
  • To enhance the mechanical properties of SMPCs, specifically focusing on elastic modulus, recovery stress, and cyclability.
  • To demonstrate the versatility of the new method for creating various SMPCs with tailored properties.

Main Methods:

  • A novel fabrication technique involving infiltrating polymers into pre-fabricated nanowire foams was developed.
  • Nanowire foams were created by consolidating nanowires with a sacrificial material (e.g., (NH4)2CO3) followed by sublimation.
  • Surface functionalization using silanes promoted bonding at nanowire-nanowire and nanowire-polymer interfaces.

Main Results:

  • SMPCs fabricated using TiO2 nanowires and a specific SMP (neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether/Jeffamine D230) showed a 300% increase in elastic modulus compared to the neat SMP.
  • This improvement significantly surpasses enhancements achieved with traditional SMPC fabrication routes.
  • The method utilizes powder metallurgy techniques, making it adaptable for various shapes and chemical compositions.

Conclusions:

  • The novel infiltration of polymers into pre-fabricated nanowire foams offers a superior strategy for enhancing SMPC mechanical properties.
  • This method effectively engineers nanowire-polymer interfaces, leading to substantial improvements in elastic modulus.
  • The powder metallurgy-based approach provides a scalable and versatile platform for fabricating advanced SMPCs.