Anticancer and apoptotic activity in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH using phospholipid extract from bone of Scomberomorus...

Among various types children's health challenges, neuroblastoma is the most serious solid neoplasm forming outside the cranium. Scomberomorus niphonius is a valuable edible fish that has been widely used for a meal. In this study, we obtained phospholipid extract from the bone of S. niphonius with the supercritical CO₂ extraction method and tested anticancer activity with a cell viability assay. The phospholipid showed anticancer activity on neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells, and the anticancer activity was presented with an IC₅₀ of 710.25 ± 28.31 μg/ml, but did not show a significant toxicity on HUVEC cell lines. Western blot was used to detect signaling proteins; Bak, caspase-9, caspase-8, caspase-3, Bax, and IκBα were increased, whereas IKKβ and NFκB were downregulated in experimental groups compared to untreated groups. Gene expression was revealed by RT-qPCR, and the fold ratio of Apaf-1, cytochrome-c, caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bax genes' expression was raised in treated groups, implying apoptosis. Gel electrophoresis revealed that the experimental groups had more fragmented DNA than the control group. The study shows that a phospholipid extract from S. niphonius' bone could be used as a biological origin of anticancer activity in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells.