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Monkeypox: An Emerging Disease.

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Monkeypox (MPX) cases, previously rare outside Africa, are now global. The 2022 outbreak, potentially linked to exotic pets, highlights the need for understanding this zoonotic virus.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

  • Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections were historically confined to endemic regions in Africa.
  • The 2022 global outbreak marked a significant increase in human cases outside endemic areas, with notable spread in Europe and the Western Hemisphere.
  • The exact origins of the current MPX outbreak remain uncertain, with potential links to exotic pet trade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the emergence and characteristics of the 2022 global monkeypox outbreak.
  • To outline diagnostic methods for monkeypox virus infection.
  • To provide taxonomic classification of the monkeypox virus.

Main Methods:

  • Review of documented human monkeypox virus (MPXV) cases globally.
  • Identification of diagnostic techniques including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viral culture.
  • Classification of MPXV within the Poxviridae family, Orthopoxvirus genus.

Main Results:

  • Human monkeypox cases have spread globally since April 2022, distinct from previous endemic patterns.
  • The outbreak is associated with the West Africa (WA) and Congo Basin (CB) clades of MPXV.
  • Diagnostic confirmation relies on PCR or viral culture for MPXV DNA.

Conclusions:

  • The 2022 monkeypox outbreak represents a significant global health event with an unclear etiology.
  • Understanding the transmission dynamics and public health impact of MPX is crucial.
  • Further research is needed to determine the full scope and long-term implications of monkeypox virus spread.