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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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Luteal Phase in Assisted Reproductive Technology.

Jan Tesarik1, Cristina Conde-López1, Maribel Galán-Lázaro1

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|October 28, 2022
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Summary

Luteal phase deficiency (LPD) impacts uterine receptivity and embryo implantation, often occurring with assisted reproductive technology (ART). Treatments focus on progesterone supplementation or corpus luteum (CL) stimulation to improve outcomes.

Keywords:
assisted reproduction technology (ART)corpus luteumdecidualization of endometriumimmune toleranceluteal phaseprogesteroneprogesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF)uterine receptivity

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Gynecology
  • Embryology

Background:

  • The luteal phase (LP) is critical for uterine receptivity, involving corpus luteum (CL) progesterone secretion.
  • Luteal phase deficiency (LPD) impairs implantation and is common in assisted reproductive technology (ART).
  • ART protocols can suppress luteinizing hormone (LH), affecting CL function and progesterone production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes and consequences of luteal phase deficiency (LPD).
  • To discuss current and potential therapeutic strategies for LPD.
  • To highlight the impact of LPD on reproductive outcomes and uterine health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of luteal phase physiology and deficiency.
  • Analysis of ART protocols and their impact on the luteal phase.
  • Synthesis of data on LPD management and treatment options.

Main Results:

  • LPD results from deficient CL function or defective endometrial response to progesterone.
  • ART-induced LH suppression is a significant contributor to LPD.
  • LPD leads to poor endometrial receptivity, immune dysfunction, and increased uterine contractility.

Conclusions:

  • LPD poses a significant challenge in ART, affecting implantation and pregnancy.
  • Exogenous progesterone administration and CL stimulation are key management strategies.
  • Further research is needed for poorly defined cases of endometrial LPD.