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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
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Peripheral Microvascular Abnormalities Associated with Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Elise V Taniguchi1, Izabela N F Almeida2, Carolina P B Gracitelli3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Glaucoma Service, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital de Olhos de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil.

Ophthalmology. Glaucoma
|October 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral microvascular abnormalities, including nailbed microhemorrhages and reduced fingertip blood flow, are significantly present in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients. These findings suggest microvascular changes may contribute to OAG pathogenesis and correlate with disease severity.

Keywords:
AutoantibodiesEndothelin-1Laser Doppler imagingMicrovascular findingsNailfold capillaroscopyOpen-angle glaucoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Glaucoma Research

Background:

  • Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is a progressive optic neuropathy.
  • Peripheral microvascular dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a potential factor in OAG pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these abnormalities may offer new therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate peripheral microvascular abnormalities in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG).
  • To assess the relationship between microvascular changes and functional/structural damage in OAG.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study comparing OAG patients and controls.
  • Ophthalmic evaluation including Humphrey visual field (HVF) and OCT.
  • Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) and laser Doppler imaging (LDI) for microvascular assessment.
  • Measurement of fingertip blood flow (FBF) before and after cold stimulus.

Main Results:

  • OAG patients showed significantly higher prevalence of nailbed microhemorrhages (65.1% vs 25.0%).
  • OAG patients exhibited significantly lower baseline FBF and a more pronounced FBF decrease post-cold stimulus.
  • Baseline FBF correlated positively with HVF mean deviation and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.

Conclusions:

  • Significant peripheral microvascular abnormalities are present in OAG patients.
  • Microvascular changes may play a role in OAG development and progression.
  • Peripheral microvascular abnormalities correlate with functional and structural glaucomatous damage.