Neuroendocrine neoplasm imaging: protocols by site of origin

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Oncology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare, leading to limited radiologist familiarity with optimal imaging.
• Accurate staging and recurrence detection are crucial for NEN patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present recommended CT and MRI imaging protocols for gastro-enteric and pancreatic NENs.
• To guide radiologists in tailoring imaging based on NEN site of origin and metastatic patterns.
• To explain the rationale behind specific MRI contrast and sequence choices.

Main Methods:

• Review and synthesis of current literature on NEN imaging.
• Development of site-specific CT and MRI protocols for NENs.
• Discussion of contrast dynamics and MRI sequences relevant to NENs.
• Brief commentary on PET/CT and PET/MRI protocols for NENs.

Main Results:

• Recommended CT and MRI protocols are presented, tailored to the site of origin for gastro-enteric and pancreatic NENs.
• Emphasis is placed on optimizing imaging for local staging, spread patterns, and recurrence detection.
• Rationale for MRI contrast, timing, and sequences is explained to enhance diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions:

• Tailored imaging protocols are essential for accurate staging and surveillance of neuroendocrine neoplasms.
• Understanding site-specific imaging nuances improves detection of local extension, spread, and recurrence.
• Standardized yet adaptable protocols enhance radiologist confidence and patient care in NEN management.