Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
Published on: July 27, 2022
Enhancement of S(+)-zaltoprofen oral bioavailability using nanostructured lipid carrier system
Thi Mai Anh Pham1, Dong Ho Lee1, Young-Guk Na1
1College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
Abstract:
Zaltoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with poor oral bioavailability. S(+)-zaltoprofen (SZPF)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared to enhance oral bioavailability. SZPF-loaded NLCs (NLC-SZPF) were prepared using the hot-melting homogenization method and optimized using the Box-Behnken design. The characterization of optimized NLC-SZPF, in vitro release, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, ex vivo permeability, and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated to confirm the advantages of NLC formulation. NLC-SZPF with a diameter of 105.5 ± 1.2 nm had a high encapsulation efficiency of 99.84 ± 0.01%. NLC-SZPF showed a sustained-release profile, high biocompatibility, and high permeability across the intestinal tract. The relative bioavailability of NLC-SZPF was 431.3% compared with that of SZPF after oral administration to experimental rats. NLC-SZPF was successfully optimized using experimental designs to enhance the oral bioavailability of SZPF. Hence, NLC-SZPF could be a promising approach to overcome the poor oral bioavailability of SZPF.
Related Concept Videos
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Presystemic Elimination
Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution
Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...

